IEEE C57.147 : 2008

ACCEPTANCE AND MAINTENANCE OF NATURAL ESTER FLUIDS IN TRANSFORMERS

Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

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1 Overview
  1.1 Scope
  1.2 Purpose
  1.3 System design
  1.4 Background information on mixtures of natural ester fluids
      with other dielectric liquids
2 Normative references
3 Acronyms and abbreviations
4 Fluid tests and the significance of each test
  4.1 General
  4.2 Practices for sampling (ASTM D923 and ASTM D3305)
  4.3 Acid number (ASTM D664 and ASTM D974)
  4.4 Dielectric breakdown voltage (ASTM D1816)
  4.5 Dielectric breakdown voltage - Impulse conditions (ASTM D3300)
  4.6 AC loss characteristics - Dissipation factor and relative
       permittivity (ASTM D924)
  4.7 Interfacial tension (ASTM D971)
  4.8 Color (ASTM D1500)
  4.9 Kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445)
  4.10 Flash point and fire point - Cleveland Open Cup Method
       (ASTM D92)
  4.11 Relative density (ASTM D1298)
  4.12 Pour point (ASTM D97)
  4.13 Volume resistivity (ASTM D1169)
  4.14 Gas analysis (ASTM D3612)
  4.15 Oxidation stability
  4.16 Water content - Karl Fischer Method (ASTM D1533)
  4.17 Visual examination field test (ASTM D1524 and ASTM D1500)
  4.18 Gassing of insulating oils under electrical stress and
       ionization (ASTM D2300)
  4.19 Corrosive sulfur test (ASTM D1275, Method B)
  4.20 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (ASTM D4059)
5 Fluid compatibility with transformer materials
6 Handling and evaluation of natural ester fluids for use in
  filling transformers at the installation site
  6.1 General
  6.2 Shipping containers
  6.3 Check tests on receipt
  6.4 Handling of the fluid by the user and placing the fluid in
      storage
  6.5 Handling and testing of natural ester fluids for installation
      into apparatus
7 Evaluation of natural ester fluids received in new equipment
  and after filling apparatus on-site
8 Maintenance of natural ester fluids
  8.1 Field screening
  8.2 Laboratory screening
  8.3 Test limits for service-aged natural ester fluids
  8.4 Reconditioning
  8.5 Reclaiming
  8.6 Mixtures of different types of dielectric fluids
9 Safety and environmental care procedures
  9.1 General
  9.2 Leaks
  9.3 Minor spills
  9.4 Spills on soil
  9.5 Spills on water
Annex A (informative) Bibliography
Annex B (informative) Additional technical information

Abstract

Suggests tests and evaluation procedures, as well as criteria and methods of maintenance, for natural ester-based transformer insulating fluids. These base fluids are also known as vegetable seed oils. Methods of reconditioning natural ester-based insulating fluids are also described.