IEEE 242 : 2001

PROTECTION AND COORDINATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS

Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

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Chapter 1 - First principles
  1.1 Overview
  1.2 Protection against abnormalities
  1.3 Planning system protection
  1.4 Preliminary design
  1.5 Basic protective equipment
  1.6 Special protection
  1.7 Field follow-up
  1.8 References
Chapter 2 - Short-circuit calculations
  2.1 Introduction
  2.2 Types of short-circuit currents
  2.3 The nature of short-circuit currents
  2.4 Protective device currents
  2.5 Per-unit calculations
  2.6 Short-circuit current calculation methods
  2.7 Symmetrical components
  2.8 Network interconnections
  2.9 Calculation examples
  2.10 Specialized faults for protection studies
  2.11 References
  2.12 Bibliography
Chapter 3 - Instrument transformers
  3.1 Introduction
  3.2 Current transformers (CTs)
  3.3 Voltage (potential) transformers (VTs)
  3.4 References
  3.5 Bibliography
Chapter 4 - Selection and application of protective relays
  4.1 General discussion of a protective system
  4.2 Zones of protection
  4.3 Fundamental operating principles
  4.4 Functional description - application and principles
  4.5 References
  4.6 Bibliography
Chapter 5 - Low-voltage fuses
  5.1 General discussion
  5.2 Definitions
  5.3 Documentation
  5.4 Standard dimensions
  5.5 Typical interrupting ratings
  5.6 Achieving selectivity with fuses
  5.7 Current-limiting characteristics
  5.8 Special applications for low-voltage fuses
  5.9 References
  5.10 Bibliography
Chapter 6 - High-voltage fuses (1000 V through 169 kV)
  6.1 Definitions
  6.2 Fuse classification
  6.3 Current-limiting and expulsion power fuse designs
  6.4 Application of high-voltage fuses
  6.5 References
  6.6 Bibliography
Chapter 7 - Low-voltage circuit breakers
  7.1 General
  7.2 Ratings
  7.3 Current limitation
  7.4 Typical ratings
  7.5 Trip unit
  7.6 Application
  7.7 Accessories
  7.8 Conclusions
  7.9 References
  7.10 Bibliography
Chapter 8 - Ground-fault protection
  8.1 General discussion
  8.2 Types of systems relative to ground-fault protection
  8.3 Nature, magnitudes, and damage of ground faults
  8.4 Frequently used ground-fault protective schemes
  8.5 Typical applications
  8.6 Special applications
  8.7 References
  8.8 Bibliography
Chapter 9 - Conductor protection
  9.1 General discussion
  9.2 Cable protection
  9.3 Definitions
  9.4 Short-circuit current protection of cables
  9.5 Overload protection of cables
  9.6 Physical protection of cables
  9.7 Code requirements for cable protection
  9.8 Busway protection
  9.9 References
  9.10 Bibliography
Chapter 10 - Motor protection
10.1 General discussion
10.2 Factors to consider in protection of motors
10.3 Types of protection
10.4 Low-voltage motor protection
10.5 Medium-voltage motor protection
10.6 References
10.7 Bibliography
Chapter 11 - Transformer protection
11.1 General discussion
11.2 Need for protection
11.3 Objectives in transformer protection
11.4 Types of transformers
11.5 Preservation systems
11.6 Protective devices for liquid preservation systems
11.7 Thermal detection of abnormalities
11.8 Transformer primary protective device
11.9 Protecting the transformer from electrical disturbances
11.10 Protection from the environment
11.11 Conclusion
11.12 References
11.13 Bibliography
Chapter 12 - Generator protection
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Classification of generator applications
12.3 Short-circuit performance
12.4 Generator grounding
12.5 Protective devices
12.6 References
12.7 Bibliography
Chapter 13 - Bus and switchgear protection
13.1 General discussion
13.2 Types of buses and arrangements
13.3 Bus overcurrent protection
13.4 Medium- and high-voltage bus differential protection
13.5 Backup protection
13.6 Low-voltage bus conductor and switchgear protection
13.7 Voltage surge protection
13.8 Conclusion
13.9 References
13.10 Bibliography
Chapter 14 - Service supply-line protection
14.1 General discussion
14.2 Service requirements
14.3 System disturbances
14.4 Supply-line protection
14.5 Examples of supply-system protective schemes
14.6 References
14.7 Bibliography
Chapter 15 - Overcurrent coordination
15.1 General discussion
15.2 General considerations
15.3 Overcurrent protection guidelines
15.4 TCC plots
15.5 CTIs
15.6 Initial planning and data required for a coordination
       study
15.7 Procedure
15.8 Ground-fault coordination on low-voltage systems
15.9 Phase-fault coordination on substation 600 V or less
15.10 References
15.11 Bibliography
Chapter 16 - Maintenance, testing, and calibration
16.1 Overview
16.2 Definitions
16.3 Safety of personnel
16.4 Safety provisions for maintenance operations
16.5 Frequency of maintenance operations
16.6 Maintenance of switchgear for voltages up to
       1000 V ac and 1200 V dc
16.7 Maintenance of air-magnetic switchgear for voltages
       above 1000 V ac and 1200 V dc
16.8 Maintenance of oil switchgear
16.9 Maintenance of vacuum circuit breaker switchgear
16.10 Maintenance of sulphur hexafluoride (SF[6]) circuit
       breaker and load-interrupter switchgear
16.11 Diagnostic testing
16.12 Maintenance of auxiliary items
16.13 Maintenance of protective apparatus
16.14 Maintenance and testing of insulation
16.15 Maintenance of industrial moulded-case circuit
       breakers (MCCBs)
16.16 References
16.17 Bibliography
Index

Abstract

Provides a better understanding of the purpose for and techniques involved in the protection and coordination of industrial and commercial power systems.