IEEE 1375 : 1998

PROTECTION OF STATIONARY BATTERY SYSTEMS

Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

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1 Overview
   1.1 Scope
   1.2 Purpose
2 References
3 Definitions
4 Philosophy of stationary battery protection
5 DC system considerations
   5.1 Use of a battery protective device
   5.2 Overvoltage and undervoltage protection
   5.3 Grounding
   5.4 Temperature compensation and current limiting
6 Batteries
   6.1 Lead-acid batteries
   6.2 Nickel-cadmium batteries
   6.3 Battery voltage characteristics during short-circuit
        conditions
   6.4 Battery current characteristics during short-circuit
        conditions
   6.5 Battery withstand capability during short-circuit
        conditions
   6.6 Environmental and operational effects on battery
        short-circuit current
   6.7 Damage and failures of batteries
7 Characteristics of other dc system components
   7.1 Battery charger short-circuit characteristics
   7.2 Characteristics of fuses in dc circuits
   7.3 Characteristics of circuit breakers in dc circuits
   7.4 Characteristics of fused circuit breakers in dc
        circuits
   7.5 Switches
   7.6 Use of ac rated devices for battery protection
   7.7 Ratings considerations for devices used in dc systems
   7.8 Main battery feeder cables
8 Battery electrical protection schemes
   8.1 Fuses between the battery terminals and main dc panel
   8.2 Circuit breakers between the battery terminals and
        main dc panel
   8.3 A switch between the battery terminals and main
        dc panel
   8.4 Cable only between the battery terminals and main
        dc panel
   8.5 Mid-span battery protection
   8.6 Multiple voltage battery systems
   8.7 Parallel battery string systems
9 Physical protection of batteries
10 Indication and annunciation
Annex A (informative) Bibliography
Annex B (informative) DC system time constants
Annex C (informative) Sample battery system time constant
                      determination

Abstract

Gives guidance for the protection of stationary battery systems, including the battery and dc components to and including the first protective device downstream of the battery terminals. Not meant to set requirements, but intended to present options to the battery system designer with regard to the kinds of protection available.