IEEE 149 : 1979

STANDARD TEST PROCEDURES FOR ANTENNAS

Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

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SECTION
1 Scope
2 Standards References
3 Antenna-Range Measurements of Radiation Patterns
    3.1 General
    3.2 Pattern Cuts
    3.3 Basic Antenna-Range Configurations
4 Antenna-Range Design
    4.1 General
    4.2 Antenna-Range Design Criteria
         4.2.1 General
         4.2.2 Effect of Mutual Coupling between Source
                and Test Antennas
         4.2.3 Effect of a Transverse Amplitude Taper over
                the Test Aperture
         4.2.4 Effect of a Longitudinal Amplitude Taper at
                the Test Antenna
         4.2.5 Effect of Phase Variation over the Test
                Aperture
    4.3 Design of Elevated Ranges
         4.3.1 Elevated Ranges over Flat Surfaces
         4.3.2 Elevated Ranges over Irregular Surfaces
         4.3.3 Estimation of Errors Due to Reflections
         4.3.4 Use of Diffraction Fences and Longitudinal
                Ramps to Redirect Reflected Energy
    4.4 Design of Ground-Reflection Ranges
    4.5 Other Ranges
         4.5.1 Slant Range
         4.5.2 Compact Range
         4.5.3 Image-Plane Range
         4.5.4 Anechoic Chambers
5 Antenna-Range Instrumentation
    5.1 General
    5.2 Source Antennas for Antenna Ranges
    5.3 Transmitting Systems
    5.4 Receiving Systems
    5.5 Positioning Systems
         5.5.1 Antenna Positioners
         5.5.2 Antenna-Positioner Errors
    5.6 Antenna-Pattern Recorder
    5.7 Data-Processing and Control Computers
6 Antenna-Range Evaluation
    6.1 General
    6.2 Field-Probe Measurements over Test Aperture
    6.3 Incident Field Measurements Near the Range Axis
         on an Elevated Range
    6.4 Incident-Field Measurements Near the Range Axis
         on a Ground-Reflection Range
    6.5 Wide-Angle Incident-Field Measurements
         6.5.1 General
         6.5.2 Antenna-Pattern-Comparison Method
         6.5.3 Longitudinal-Field-Probe Method
    6.6 Evaluation of Anechoic Chambers
7 Special Measurement Techniques
    7.1 Modeling Techniques
    7.2 Antenna-Focusing Technique
    7.3 Near-Field Probing with Mathematical Transformation
    7.4 Swept-Frequency Technique
    7.5 Indirect Measurements of Antenna Characteristics
8 Antenna-Range Operation
9 On-Site Measurements of Amplitude Patterns
10 Phase
    10.1 General
    10.2 Phase Patterns
    10.3 Antenna Phase Center
    10.4 Phase Measurements
         10.4.1 General
         10.4.2 Instrumentation
         10.4.3 Sources of Error
11 Polarization
    11.1 General
    11.2 Polarization Measurements
         11.2.1 General
         11.2.2 Measurement of the Polarization Pattern
         11.2.3 Rotating-Source Method
         11.2.4 Multiple-Amplitude-Component Method
         11.2.5 Phase-Amplitude Method
12 Measurement of Power Gain and Directivity
    12.1 General
    12.2 Gain Standards
         12.2.1 Types of Gain Standards
         12.2.2 Calibration of Gain Standards on a
                 Free-Space Antenna Range
         12.2.3 Calibration of Gain Standards on a
                 Ground-Reflection Antenna Range
         12.2.4 Calibration of Gain Standards on an
                 Extrapolation Antenna Range
    12.3 Gain-Transfer Measurements
         12.3.1 Measurement of Linearly Polarized Antennas
         12.3.2 Measurement of Circularly and Elliptically
                 Polarized Antennas
         12.3.3 Measurement in the High-Frequency Range
                 (3-30 MHz)
    12.4 Measurement of the Power Gain of Electrically Large
         Antennas
         12.4.1 General
         12.4.2 Use of Extraterrestrial Radio Sources for
                 Power-Gain Measurements
         12.4.3 Measurement of Absolute Antenna Noise
                 Temperature and Figure of Merit G/T
         12.4.4 Measurement of the Power Gain of Electrically
                 Large Antennas Using the Gain-Transfer Method
    12.5 Errors in Power-Gain Measurements
         12.5.1 General
         12.5.2 Sources of Error
         12.5.3 Estimation of Uncertainty in Gain Measurements
    12.6 Directivity Measurements
13 Determination of Radiation Efficiency
14 Special Measurements for Angle-Tracking Antennas
    14.1 General
    14.2 Conical Scanning Angle Tracking
    14.3 Monopulse Angle Tracking
    14.4 Electrical Boresight Measurements
15 Measurement of the Electrical Properties of Radomes
    15.1 General
    15.2 Significant Antenna-Radome Parameters
    15.3 Apparatus
    15.4 Testing of Wet Radomes
16 Measurement of Impedances
    16.1 Input-Impedance Measurements
    16.2 Mutual-Impedance Measurements
17 Ground-Wave Measurements
18 Power-Handling Measurements
19 Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards
    19.1 Electromagnetic Radiation hazards
    19.2 Safe Radiation Limits
    19.3 Measurement and Instrumentation
20 Environmental Factors
21 Bibliography
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Abstract

Provides test procedure for the measurement of antenna properties. Antenna are passive, linear and reciprocal devices and radiation properties are measured in transmitting or receiving mode.